The Extraction Chamber is a machine added by Calculator. It can extract Soil and random Dirty Circuits out of Dirt, and Small Stone and random Damaged Circuits out of Cobblestone. This process takes 1000 ticks (50 seconds) to complete, uses a total of 5,000 Redstone Flux and only has a 1/8 chance of actually producing a Dirty/Damaged Circuit.
Right clicking the sides using a Wrench will reconfigure it. Each side can either be set to Input (green) or Output (red).